FIND Examples

Introducing the `world` collection of countries

These examples introduce NoSQL using MonogDB and PyMongo under Python3.4. We will be using the find() command on the collection world:

The following is included in the examples but hidden

#ENCODING
import io
import sys
sys.stdout = io.TextIOWrapper(sys.stdout.buffer, encoding='utf-16')
#MONGO
from pymongo import MongoClient
client = MongoClient()
client.progzoo.authenticate('scott','tiger')
db = client['progzoo']
#FORCE ORDERING
from bson import CodecOptions, SON
opts = CodecOptions(document_class=SON)
db.world = db.world.with_options(codec_options=opts)
#PRETTY
import pprint
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)

By default, find() returns the entire contents of a collection. This is equivalent to find({})

Show all the documents in world

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find()
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find()))

It is also possible to just return the first document with find_one(). The Mongo shell equivalent to this is findOne()

list() is a python function and is a convient way to display a cursor object. Alternatively you could use a for loop:

for document in db.<collection>.find():
    print(document)

find_one() returns a single document, so a list() or loop is not needed.

Show the first document of world

pp.pprint(db.world.find_one())

pp.pprint(db.world.find_one())

It is also possible to specify which document you want by its position.

print(list(
    db.world.find().skip(49).limit(1)
))

Get the 50th document of world

pp.pprint(
    db.world.find()[50]
)

pp.pprint(db.world.find()[50])

Querying

By passing arguments to find() we can search for specific documents

Get all the data concerning france

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":"France"})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":"France"})))

By passing a second parameter to find() the output can be limited to certain field(s)
In this example 1 indicates "true" and 0 indicates "false"

A feature of MongoDB is the ObjectID or "_id".
This is a unique ID MongoDB adds to each document. Unlike other keys, it has to be explicitly set to false to be excluded from the results set.

Get the population of Germany

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":"Germany"},{"population":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":"Germany"},{"population":1,"_id":0})))

MongoDB also allows comparisons. Syntax:

Mongo | MySQL
--------------
$eq   | == 
$gt   | >
$gte  | >=
$lt   | <
$lte  | <=
$ne   | !=, <>
$in   | IN
$nin  | NOT IN

List the countries with a population that's less than 1 million.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

It's also possible to have multiple conditions for an $and, $or, etc. This can be done in several ways, for example:

db.<collection>.find({<first condition>,<second condition>}
db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000})

db.<collection>.find({"$and":[<first condition>,<second condition>]}
db.world.find({"$and":[{"population":{"$lt":1000000}},{"area":{"$gt":200000}}]}

Find the country with less than 1 million people, but over 200000km² area

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"population":{"$lt":1000000},"area":{"$gt":200000}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

We can also use lists with $in and $nin:

Find the continent of Brazil, the United Kingdom, and Ghana.

pp.pprint(list(
    db.world.find({"name":{"$in":["Brazil","United Kingdom","Ghana"]}},{"name":1,"_id":0})
))

pp.pprint(list(db.world.find({"name":{"$in":["Brazil","United Kingdom","Ghana"]}},{"name":1,"_id":0})))

Introducing the world collection of countries

Querying

Introducing the `world` collection of countries